GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.2, November 2002

Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure 
everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without 
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this 
License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for 
their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made 
by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of 
the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the 
GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free 
software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program 
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software 
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used 
for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is 
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for 
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work 
under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any 
such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is 
addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or 
distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document 
or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or 
translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the 
Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or 
authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related 
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall 
subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a 
Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could 
be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related 
matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political 
position regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are 
designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says 
that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit 
the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated 
as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the 
Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as 
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the 
Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 
5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 
represented in a format whose specification is available to the general 
public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with 
generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint 
programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that 
is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a 
variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an 
otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has 
been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is 
not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any 
substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called 
"Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII 
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using 
a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript 
or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image 
formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary 
formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, 
SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally 
available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by 
some word processors for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus 
such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this 
License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do 
not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most 
prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the 
body of the text.

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title 
either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that 
translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section 
name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", 
"Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section 
when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" 
according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but 
only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these 
Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of 
this License.

2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially 
or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and 
the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are 
reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever 
to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or 
control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or 
distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If 
you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the 
conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you 
may publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have 
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the 
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies 
in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: 
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back 
cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the 
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with 
all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other 
material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the 
covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy 
these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, 
you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the 
actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more 
than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along 
with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a 
computer-network location from which the general network-using public has 
access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete 
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the 
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin 
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent 
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one 
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through 
your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the 
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the 
Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version 
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and 
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In 
addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

   * A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 
   from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which 
   should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the 
   Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the 
   original publisher of that version gives permission.
   * B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 
   responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, 
   together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document 
   (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they 
   release you from this requirement.
   * C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified 
   Version, as the publisher.
   * D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
   * E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent 
   to the other copyright notices.
   * F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 
   giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms 
   of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
   * G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant 
   Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license 
   notice.
   * H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
   * I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and 
   add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 
   publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there 
   is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the 
   title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its 
   Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated 
   in the previous sentence.
   * J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 
   public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the 
   network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was 
   based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a 
   network location for a work that was published at least four years 
   before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version 
   it refers to gives permission.
   * K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", 
   Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the 
   substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or 
   dedications given therein.
   * L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in 
   their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are 
   not considered part of the section titles.
   * M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not 
   be included in the Modified Version.
   * N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" 
   or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
   * O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices 
that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the 
Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as 
invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections 
in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct 
from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing 
but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, 
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an 
organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of 
Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text 
and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made 
by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the 
same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same 
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may 
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher 
that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give 
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply 
endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, 
provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections 
of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as 
Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that 
you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple 
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there 
are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, 
make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in 
parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section 
if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section 
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the 
combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the 
various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; 
likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections 
Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled 
"Endorsements."

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the 
collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim 
copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it 
individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License 
into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects 
regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and 
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting 
from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the 
compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the 
Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the 
other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of 
the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of 
the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire 
aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket 
the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers 
if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on 
printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute 
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing 
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their 
copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all 
Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant 
Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the 
license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided 
that you also include the original English version of this License and the 
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a 
disagreement between the translation and the original version of this 
License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", 
or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) 
will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as 
expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, 
modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will 
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties 
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not 
have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full 
compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU 
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be 
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 
address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If 
the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License 
"or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the 
terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later 
version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software 
Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this 
License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the 
Free Software Foundation.

